Introduction to Computers: Characteristics of computers, generation of computers, classification of computers, applications of computers. Input and Output Devices: Keyboard, pointing devices, digital camera, scanners. Output devices- printers, plotters,monitors, projectors Computer System: Central processing unit (CPU).
Memory- Memory hierarchy, random access memory (RAM), types of RAM, read only memory (ROM), types of ROM. Classification of secondary storage devices- magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk. Number Systems: Number systems, conversion between number bases, Computer Software: Software definition, relationship between software and hardware, software categories, system software, application software. Introduction of operating system.
Functional Dependencies, Normalization – 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, Loss Less Decomposition, Dependency Preservation. Transaction Management – Transaction Concept, Transaction States, ACID Properties
Memory System Design: Main Memory Concepts, Cache Memory Organization, Associative Memory Concepts, Virtual Memory and Paging. Input/output and Interfacing, DMA, I/O processors, Interrupts, RISC/CISC.
Programming Concepts, Pseudocode, Algorithm, Flowchart, History and importance of C, Basic Structure and Execution of C Program, Constants, Variables, and Data Types, Qualifiers,Operators and Expressions, Operator Precedence and Associativity, Managing Input and Output Operations, Decision making and Branching: if statement, if…else statement, nesting of if else statement, else if ladder, switch statement, Goto statement.
Iteration: while, do…while, for loop, Nested loops, break & continue. Arrays and Strings: One-dimensionalarrays, Declaration and Initialization, Two-dimensional arrays, Declaration and Initialization, Character arrays. String: Reading and Writing strings, String-handling functions – strlen, strcpy, strcat, strcmp.
Functions: Need, Elements of user-defined functions, Definition of Functions, Function call and declaration, Category of Functions, Parameter Passing, Recursion, Passing arrays to functions, Passing strings to functions. Storage Classes: Scope, visibility and life time of variables. Understanding Pointers: Accessing the address of a variable, declaration and initialization of pointer variables, accessing a variable through its pointer, Array through pointers.
Structures and Unions: Defining structure, Declaring structure variables, Accessing structure members, Structure initialization, Operation on individual members, Array of structures, Union. File Management in C: Introduction of File handling, Need of File Handling, Defining, Opening and Closing a File, Input/Output Operations on Files.
Electric Field: Electric Charge, Coulomb's Law, Quantization and Conservation of Electric Charge, Electric Field and Gauss' Law of Electrostatics, Electric Potential & Energy and Electrical Power, Electric Current, Resistance, Ohm’s Law, Resistivity & Specific Resistance, Series and Parallel Combination of Resistances, Capacitance, Combination of capacitance in Series and Parallel, Electromotive Force, Current in A Single Loop, Kirchoff’'s Current Law, Kirchoff'’s Voltage Law.
Magnetic Field: Magnetic Field due to a Bar Magnet, Biot Savart's Law, Magnetic Field Due to a Current Carrying in Straight Wire and Coil, Force Between Two Parallel Currents, Magnetic Field Inside Solenoid and Toroid, Magnetic Flux, Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, Inductance, Energy Stored in an Inductor and Capacitor, Resonance Condition in Series LCR Circuit.
Logic Family: Introduction to Logic and Implementation with Logic Gates, Boolean Algebra, Positive and Negative Logic, Logic Functions and Truth Tables -NOT, AND, OR NOR, NAND & EX-NOR, NAND and NOR Gates as Universal Gates, De Morgan's Theorems, Standard Forms for Logical Expressions: Sum of Products(SOP) and Product of Sums(POS), Specification of Logical Functions in Terms of Mintermsand Maxterms, Karnaugh Maps, Introduction of "Don't Care" States,
Combinational Circuits: Adder and Subtractor, Multiplexer-IC 74150 And IC 44151, De MultiplexerIC 74154, Decoder- IC 74139, BCD to Seven Segment De-Coder IC 7446/7447 IC 7448/7449 Decimal to BCD Priority Encoder IC 7447, Parity Checker-IC 741 80, Magnitude Comparator IC 7485. Sequential Circuits: Latches, RS Flip Flop, D Flip Flop, J-K Flip Flop, T Flip Flop, Master-Salve Flip Flop, Registers and Synchronous & Asynchronous Counters.